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FAQ

Kratom, kava, and functional mushrooms are the most talked-about natural botanicals. Here are some of the most common questions about them. 

What is Kratom?

Kratom is a natural botanical made from the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa, a tropical tree native to Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The leaves are ground into a powder and used to brew tea. Using new technology, brands can extract the active alkaloids 7-hydroxymitragynine and mitragynine to create new kratom formats such as capsules, tablets, and concentrated extracts. 

These active alkaloids interact with opioid receptors to uplift mood and boost energy levels. Traditionally, farm workers would chew the leaves to boost their energy levels and relieve pain. 

Despite the proven beneficial effects, the FDA has yet to approve it for human consumption as a supplement or medicine, citing opioid-like effects that can result in dependency and other health complications. 

How Does Kratom Work in the Body?

Mitragynine, the main alkaloid, binds to μ-opioid receptors and acts as a partial agonist. That is, it activates these receptors, but not to the same extent as other illegal opioids like heroin and morphine. 

In particular, it interacts with serotonergic and adrenergic receptors that regulate mood. This explains why many kratom users report increased alertness, concentration, and mood elevation after using kratom. Check out this guide on the full benefits of kratom. 

At low doses, the effects are stimulating. Frequent use can result in an increase in tolerance, dependence, and sedation if used in high doses. 

Is Kratom Addictive?

Yes, and this is one of the main reasons why the FDA and other state health regulators are concerned about its popularity and increased use. 

Frequent use of kratom products can cause dependence. Some of the documented kratom withdrawal symptoms by CDC and NIH include;

  • Muscle aches
  • Irritability
  • Insomnia
  • Runny nose
  • Sudden mood changes

Already, the FDA has on different occasions warned about kratom’s high abuse potential. While kratom is not currently federally scheduled, public health agencies are aware of the dependency risk. Some states have gone ahead to impose strict regulations and bans. 

For example, Florida has imposed a ban on concentrated kratom products with more than 400 ppm 7-OH content. Other states like California and Indiana have strict kratom laws, and other states are expected to follow. 

Like other natural botanicals, kratom should be used in moderation, and you should consult your doctor before using it, especially if you are on medications. Regularly using kratom in high doses increases the risk of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms if you stop using. Also, kratom products are not ideal for persons with a history of drug abuse. 

Has Kratom Been Linked to Deaths?

According to a CDC report on overdose deaths that occurred between 2016 and 2017, kratom was detected in hundreds of cases. To be fair, the chances of overdosing on kratom alone are low, and most of the deaths involved the use of multiple substances, such as fentanyl, benzodiazepines, and opioids. 

Because kratom interacts with the nervous system, using it alongside other depressants increases the risk of sedation and overdose. It’s rarely identified as the sole cause of death. 

What Are The Common Kratom Side Effects?

Common side effects as reported in many poison control data include;

  • Nausea
  • Constipation
  • Agitation
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Drowsiness

The more severe effects that can arise due to overdose include;

  • Seizures
  • Liver injury
  • Respiratory depression when used with other depressants

The risk of these side effects increased with concentrated products and extracts due to the high concentration of 7-hydroxymitragyine, the most potent alkaloid in kratom. 

In the United States, kratom is federally legal, but it’s banned in some jurisdictions like San Diego, Oceanside,  Denver, and Parker. 

In the UK, kratom is illegal under the Psychoactive Substances Act. Note that some states have different regulations on 7-hydroxymitragynine and regular kratom products. 

Does Kratom Show Up On Drug Tests?

Yes and No.

The standard 5-panel drug tests don’t test for kratom. However, specialized drug testing panels can detect mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragyine, and their respective metabolites. Detection windows vary depending on dose, metabolism, and frequency of use. Heavy kratom users may test positive even after abstaining for 3 days or longer than occasional users.

What is Kava?

Kava is a natural botanical that comes from the root of the Piper methysticum tree, which is native to the South Pacific Islands. Its active compounds, kavalactones, influence GABA activity in the brain, resulting mood mood-relaxing effects. 

Traditionally, kava was consumed as a water-based drink in ceremonial and social events. Today, kava bars serve it as kava cocktails, and you can also brew it as a tea. Unlike alcohol, kava won’t get you drunk. 

How Does Kava Work?

Kava’s main active compounds, the kavalactones, modulate GABA receptors and reduce neuronal excitability. This results in calming and muscle-relaxing effects without overstimulation or sedation. 

One of the main differences between kava and alcohol is that it does not impair judgement, motor skills, or cognitive clarity when used in moderate doses. 

Can Kava Cause Liver Damage?

Yes, a few cases of liver toxicity have been reported.

In the early 2000s, several countries, like Germany, Switzerland, France, and Canada, banned or imposed strict kava rules after reports of liver injury. The most severe cases involved;

  • Highly concentrated kava extracts
  • Use of non-root plant parts
  • Poor manufacturing standards

Traditional noble root kava that’s prepared using water carries a lower risk compared to the commercial kava drinks and other related products. People with a history of heavy alcohol use or addiction or liver disease should not use kava.

Is Kava Addictive?

Yes, but it’s not considered strongly habit-forming like kratom and strong opioids like heroin and cocaine. 

Also, stopping the use of kava does not result in the classic physical withdrawal symptoms associated with opioids like headaches, nausea, and irritability. However, heavy, long-term use can cause kava dermopathy, a condition characterized by dry, scaly skin. 

Kava is legal in most U.S. states, but some have enacted laws governing its use and sale. For example, New York banned the sale of kava drinks in establishments like kava bars and restaurants.  

Some countries, like Germany, permit the medicinal use of kava after a 2014 court ruling declared previous bans null and void.  Other countries that consider kava a herbal medicinal drug include Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the Pacific Island Nations.

What are Magic Mushrooms?

Magic mushrooms contain the psilocybin compound, which is broken down to form psilocin. Psilocin activates serotonin 5-HT2A receptors that regulate cognition, mood, and perception. 

Contrary to popular belief, they are different from functional mushrooms like reishi and lion’s mane, as well as culinary mushrooms. Examples of culinary mushrooms are;

  • Portobello
  • Shiitake
  • Oyster
  • Button mushrooms

These culinary mushrooms don’t alter mood or perception and are rich in antioxidants, minerals, fiber, and vitamins. 

On the other hand, functional mushrooms don’t contain psilocybin and are used for cognitive, energy, and immune support, and stress relief. Their active compounds include Triterpenes, Beta-glucans, and Erinacines. 

How do Psilocybin Mushrooms Affect the Brain?

Psilocybin temporarily interacts with the serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. fMRI scans conducted on users’ records increased cross-network communication during psychedelic states. 

Some of the common effects include;

  • Visual distortions
  • Changes in emotional intensity
  • Altered sense of time
  • Deep introspection

On average, the effects last 4 to 6 hours. You can cushion yourself from the strong effects by buying products that allow you to microdose, like the Mindless Mushroom tablets. 

Are Magic Mushrooms Addictive?

Yes, magic mushrooms are addictive, by the risk is lower compared to stimulants and opioids. Most studies consider psilocybin to be not physically addictive. 

Note that tolerance creeps in quickly if you use them repeatedly over short periods. 

In the United States, the psilocybin compound is federally classified as Schedule I. Some states and cities, like Oregon and Colorado, have decriminalized possession. 

However, it’s illegal to sell or use psilocybin mushrooms in the UK. Take note of these regulations if you intend to travel with magic mushrooms. 

Are Psychedelic Mushrooms Safe?

Yes, but people with a personal or family history of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia should avoid them due to the high risk of experiencing adverse psychological reactions. 

The risks of using psychedelic mushrooms include;

  • Panic attacks
  • Anxiety
  • Temporary paranoia
  • Impaired judgement

Consult your doctor before using and start with small doses. 

What are Functional Mushrooms?

Functional mushrooms don’t contain psilocybin. Some of the most widely used functional mushrooms are;

  • Reishi
  • Lion’s Mane
  • Chaga
  • Cordyceps

Some potential benefits of using functional mushrooms include improved cognitive health, a better stress response, and enhanced immune support. 

Can you Mix Kratom, Kava, or Mushrooms? 

Using these three natural botanicals can result in overwhelming effects. Mixing also increases unpredictability, so you’re better off using one. If you must mix, space them out to cushion yourself from any negative reactions. 

  • Mixing kratom and kava increases the risk of sedation and can cause nausea
  • Using kratom and magic mushrooms increases the intensity of effects

Combining any of these botanicals with benzodiazepines or alcohol increases the risk of overdosing and sedation. 

Who Should Avoid Kratom, Kava, and Mushrooms?

Avoid using any of these natural botanicals if you;

  • Are pregnant or breastfeeding
  • On antidepressants or sedatives
  • Have liver disease
  • Have a heart condition
  • Have a history of psychosis
  • Have a history of substance use disorder

The rule of thumb is to conduct extensive research to understand both the short- and long-term effects before you start using. More importantly, consult your healthcare provider if you have any underlying conditions.